Samarium oxide, with the chemical formula Sm₂O₃, is an inorganic metal oxide that plays an extremely important role in the field of magnetic materials. Its unique magnetic properties, especially its excellent performance at low temperatures, make it a key raw material for the manufacture of samarium-cobalt permanent magnets.

As the second generation of rare earth permanent magnets, samarium-cobalt permanent magnets are mainly composed of metallic samarium, cobalt, as well as copper, iron, zirconium and other elements, and are structurally divided into 1:5 type and 2:17 type. Due to their characteristics of high residual magnetism, high coercivity and high magnetic energy product, they are widely used in many high-end fields. In the aerospace field, the motors of satellite attitude control systems rely on the stable and strong magnetic field of samarium-cobalt permanent magnets to ensure that satellites can accurately adjust their attitudes in the complex space environment. In high-performance servo motors, samarium-cobalt permanent magnets can improve the efficiency and response speed of the motors, achieving more precise motion control.